Esophagus
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
Esophagus, total/subtotal esophagectomy: - Squamous cell carcinoma, _ differentiated. Tumor site: Cervical (Ce)/Upper thoracic (Ut)/Middle thoracic (Mt)/Lower thoracic (Lt)/Esophagagastric junction (Jz) Tumor type: 0/1/2/3/4/5a/5b, 0-Ip/Is/IIa/IIb/IIc/III Tumor size: _ x _ cm Tumor extent: Confined to the epithelium (pTis/pT1a-EP) Invades lamina propria (pT1a-LPM) Invades muscularis mucosae (pT1a-MM) Invades submucosa (pT1b-SM1/2/3) Invades muscularis propria (pT2) Invades adventitia (pT3) Invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum (pT4a) Invades other adjacent structures (specify: aorta, vertebral body, or aiaway) (pT4b) pT category: pT1a/pT1b/pT2/pT3/pT4a/pT4b Infiltrative growth pattern: INFa/INFb/INFc Intraluminal metastasis: Not identified (pIM0)/Present (pIM1) Lymphatic invasion: Negative (Ly0)/Present (Ly1a/Ly1b/Ly1c) Venous invasion: Negative (V0)/Present (V1a/V1b/V1c) Surgical margins: Proximal: Negative (pPM0)/Positive (pPM1) Distal: Negative (pDM0)/Positive (pDM1) Radial: Negative (pRM0)/Positive (pRM1) |
胃壁内転移は遠隔転移としM1b (IM1-St)と記載する。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
Stomach, proximal/distal/total gastrectomy: - Adenocarcinoma, ___ differentiated. Japanese classification 15th: Tumor site: Upper (U)/Middle (M)/Lower (L), Anterior (Ant)/Posterior (Post), Greater curvature (Gre), Lesser curvature (Less) Macroscopic type: Type 0-I/0-IIa/0-IIb/0-IIc/0-III/1/2/3/4/5 Histologic type: tub1/tub2/por1/por2/sig/muc Tumor size: x mm pT Category: pT1a (M)/pT1b1 (SM1)/pT1b2 (SM2)/pT2 (MP)/pT3 (SS)/pT4a (SE)/pT4b (SI) Pattern of infiltrating growth: INFa/INFb/INFc Lymphatic invasion: Ly0/Ly1a/Ly1b/Ly1c Venous invasion: V0/V1a/V1b/V1c Surgical marins: Proximal margin: pPM0 (_ mm)/pPM1 Distal margin: pDM0 (_ mm)/pDM1 pN Category: pN0 (0/_)/pN1 (1-2/_)/pN2 (3-6/_)/pN3a (7-15/_)/pN3b (16-/_) |
IHC Panels
1 2 3 4 5 |
Immunohistochemistry: PMS2: Intact nuclear expression/Loss of nuclear expression MLH1: Intact nuclear expression/Loss of nuclear expression MSH2: Intact nuclear expression/Loss of nuclear expression MSH6: Intact nuclear expression/Loss of nuclear expression |
Colon
1 2 3 |
Colon, [site], EMR: - Adenocarcinoma in adenoma, well-differentiated. Japanese rule (9th): C/A/T/D/S/RS/Ra/Rb, type 0-Is, _ x _ mm, tub1, pTis, Ly0, V0, pHM0 (_ mm), pVM00 (_ mm). |
Breast
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 |
Breast, [laterality], [site], mastectomy: - Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Tumor size: __ x __ x __ mm Histological grade: Grade _ (_-_-_) Immunohistochemistry: ER: Positive/Negative (%) PgR: Positive/Negative (%) HER2: Score 0/1+/2+/3+ Ki-67 labeling index: % (/500) DCIS component: Not identified/Present Lymphatic invasion: Not identified (Ly0)/Present (Ly1) Vascular invasion: Not identified (V0)/Present (V1) Surgical margin: Negative/Positiv +Treatment effect: Grade _ Stage (UICC 8th): pT_ pN_ Lymph node, dissection: - No evidence of malignancy (0/_). or - Metastatic breast carcinoma (_/_). Size of largest foci: _ mm |
- pT
-
pTis (DCIS/Paget): pTis (LCIS) は削除
pT1: 最大径 ≤ 20 mm
pT1mi: 最大径 ≤ 1 mm (use the largest focus, not sum)
pT1a: 1 mm < 最大径 ≤ 5 mm
pT1b: 5 mm < 最大径 ≤ 10 mm
pT1c: 10 mm < 最大径 ≤ 20 mmpT2: 20 mm < 最大径 ≤ 50 mm
pT3: 50 mm < 最大径
pT4: 最大径を問わず胸壁/皮膚への直接浸潤
pT4a: 胸壁(肋骨・肋間筋・前鋸筋)浸潤
胸筋のみの場合は含まない。
pT4b: 皮膚浸潤(潰瘍・浮腫)、同側乳房の衛星皮膚結節
真皮のみの場合は含まない。
pT4c: pN4a + pN4b
pT4d: 炎症性乳癌 - pN
-
pN0
pN0 (i+): ITC (isolated tumor cell, ≤ 0.2 mm and/or 200個未満) のみpN1
pN1mi: 微小転移(0.2 mm < 最大径 ≤ 2 mm and/or 200個以上)
pN1a: 1-3個
pN1b: 内胸リンパ節(internal mammary lymph node)転移
pN1c: pN1a & pN1bpN2
pN2a: 4-9個
pN2b: 腋窩リンパ節転移なし & 明らかな内胸リンパ節転移pN3
pN3a: ≥10 個 | 鎖骨下リンパ節転移
pN3b: 悪文
pN3c: 同側鎖骨上リンパ節※個数を条件とするときは最大径 > 2 mmを少なくとも1つ含むこと
フローチャート:
・転移なし→pN0/pN0 (i+)
・同側鎖骨上リンパ節転移あり→pN3c
・鎖骨下リンパ節転移あり→pN3a
・内胸リンパ節転移なし→個数でpN1a/pN2a/pN3a
・内胸リンパ節転移あり→臨床的に明らかでない→腋窩転移1-3個→pN1b/pN1c
・内胸リンパ節転移あり→臨床的に明らかでない→腋窩転移4個以上→pN3b
・内胸リンパ節転移あり→臨床的に明らか→腋窩転移なし→pN2b
・内胸リンパ節転移あり→臨床的に明らか→腋窩転移あり→pN3b - Treatment effect
-
軽度の効果:細胞質の好酸化や空胞変性、核の膨化
高度の効果:核濃縮、核崩壊、核融解、癌細胞の消失Grade 0: 治療による変化がほとんど認められない
Grade 1a: 軽度の効果あり or 高度の効果<1/3
Grade 1b: 高度の効果 ≥ 1/3, <2/3
Grade 2a: 高度の効果 ≥ 2/3
Grade 2b: ごく少量の浸潤癌成分が残存
Grade 3: 浸潤癌の残存無し
Kidney
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 |
Kidney, [laterality], partial/total nephrectomy: - Renal cell carcinoma. Tumor size: _ x _ x _ cm Tumor site: Upper pole/Middle/Lower pole Tumor focality: Unifocal/Multifocal WHO/ISUP Grade: Grade _ Sarcomatoid and/or sarcomatoid features: Not identified/Present Tumor necrosis: Not identified/Present (_%) Lymphatic and/or vascular invasion: Not identified/Present Tumor extension: - Limited to kidney (pT1/2) - Tumor extends into renal sinus fat (pT3a) - Tumor extends into renal vein or its segmental branches (pT3a) - Tumor extends into pelvicalyceal system (pT3a) - Tumor extends into perinephric tissue (beyond renal capsule, pT3a) - Tumor extends into vena cava below the diaphragm (pT3b) - Tumor extends into vena cava above the diaphragm (pT3c) - Tumor invades the wall of vena cava (pT3c) - Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia (pT4) - Tumor extends into adrenal gland (direct invasion, pT4) - Tumor extends into adrenal gland (noncontiguous, M1) Stage (UICC 8th): pT_ pN0/1 Surgical margins (total nephrectomy): Renal vein: Negative/Positive Ureter: Negative/Positive Perinepphric fat: Negative/Positive Surgical margins (partial nephrectomy): Renal parenchyma: Negative/Positive Renal capsule: Negative/Positive |
- pT
-
pT1a: 腎に限局 & 腫瘍径 ≤ 4 cm
pT1b: 腎に限局 & 4 cm < 腫瘍径 ≤ 7 cm
pT2a: 腎に限局 & 7 cm < 腫瘍径 ≤ 10 cm
pT2b: 腎に限局 & 腫瘍径 > 10 cm
pT3a/pT3b/pT3c/pT4: See above
- Clear cell RCC
-
Positive: CAIX (diffuse membranous, box-like), CD10, CK AE1/AE3, vimentin, PAX8
Equivocal: CK7, AMACR
Negative: CK20, c-kit, CK 34βE12, cathepsin K, HMB45, Melan A, TFE3DDx:
- Papillary RCC
-
Positive: CK7, AMACR, PAX8, CK AE1/AE3, vimentin
Equivocal:
Negative: CAIX, c-kit, GATA3 - Chromophobe RCC
-
Positive: CK7, c-kit
Equivocal:
Negative: Vimentin, CAIX, AMACR - Oncocytoma
-
Positive: c-kit, PAX8
Negative: CK7, AMACR, CAIX, vimentin, HMB45, Melan A, cathepsin K, CK20
Papillary RCC
Oncocytic tumor
- CAIX
-
- Clear cell RCC
- Clear cell papillary RCT
- CK7
-
- Papillary RCC
- Chromophobe RCC
- Clear cell RCC with prominent fi
- AMACR
-
- Papillary RCC
- Clear cell RCC (subset)
IHC Panel and differential diagnosis
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
-
Positive: CAIX (diffuse membranous, box-like), CD10, PAX8, CAM5.2, AE1/AE3, vimentin
Equivocal: CK7, AMACR
Negative: c-kit, GATA3, CK34βE12, TFE3, HMB45, Melan A, cathepsin K- MCRNLMP: Indistinguishable by IHC
- Clear cell papillary RCT: CAIX(cup-like), CK7(+), CD10(-)
- Papillary RCC with cytoplasmic clearing: CK7(+), AMACR(+), CAIX(-)
- ELOC-mutated RCC: CK7(+)
- Fumarate hydratase-deficient RCC: FH(-; loss)
- TFE3-rearranged and TFEB-altered RCC: TFE3(+), cathepsin K(+)
- Epithelioid angiomyolipoma: HMB45(+), cathepsin K(+), PAX8(-), CK(-)
DDx: clear cell papillary RCT, papillary RCC with cytoplasmic clearing, MolecularMiT family translocation RCC, chromophobe RCC, multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRNLMP), ELOC-mutated RCC
- Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRNLMP)
-
Positive: CAIX, CD10, PAX8, CAM5.2
Equivocal: CK7, AMACR, vimentin
Negative: ER, PgR, TFE3, GATA3
Prostate
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
Prostate, needle biopsy: - Acinar adenocarcinoma, Grade Group _ (highest Gleason score _+_). Intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P): Present/Not identified Cribriform glands: Present/Not identified 【検体】 前立腺針生検検体が_本提出されています。 【組織学的所見】 以下のコアに腺癌を認めます。 #_: /mm, GS + #_: /mm, GS + |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
Prostate, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): - Nodular glandular and stromal hyperplasia. 【検体】 前立腺HoLEP組織が__ g提出されており、4カセット分について標本作製しました。 【組織学的所見】 腺・間質の結節性増生を認めます。悪性所見はありません。 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
Prostate, prostatectomy: - Acinar adenocarcinoma, Grade group _ (highest Gleason score _+_). Tumor size of largest nodule: __ cm in greatest dimension Gleason pattern 4: __% (tumor nodule of the highest Gleason score) Intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P): Present/Not identified Cribriform glands: Present/Not identified Extraprostatic extension: Present (EPE1, [site], focal/non-focal)/Not identified (EPE0) Microscopic bladder neck invasion (mBNI): Present/Not identified Seminal vesicle invasion: Present (SV1, right/left/bilateral)/Not identified (SV0) Perineural invasion: Present/Not identified Lymphovascular invasion: Present (LVI1)/Not identified (LVI0) Stage (UICC 8th): pT2/pT3a/pT3b Surgical margin: Negative (RM0)/Positive (RM1, [site], [length], Gleason pattern _) |
1 2 3 4 5 |
- Adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated. Immunohistochemistry: IMP3: Positive/Negative p53: Positive (diffuse)/Loss (null cell pattern) Ki-67: Distribute to surface area (>70%) |
1 2 3 4 5 |
- Atypical glands, favor reactive. Immunohistochemistry: IMP3: Negative p53: Wild type expression Ki-67: Non-neoplastic pattern (neck/crypt area positive) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
- Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Immunohistochemistry: Positive: CD20, IRTA1 Negative: CD3, IMP3 Helicobacter pylori: Negative/Positive Lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) identified (CK AE1/AE3) Light chain restriction: Identified (kappa > lambda, ISH) Ki-67 labeling index: __% (/500) |
Thyroid
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
Thyroid gland, left/right hemi-/total thyroidectomy: - Papillary thyroid carcinoma. Tumor size: __ x __ x __ cm Lymphovascular invasion: Not identified/Present Extrathyroidal extension: Not identified/Present Stage (UICC 8th): pT_ pN_ Surgical margin: Uncertain/Negative/Positive Lymph node, dissection: - No evidence of malignancy. or - Metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Size of largest metastatic foci: __ cm Extranodal extension: Not identified/Present |
- pT
-
pT1a: 甲状腺に限局 & 腫瘍径≤1 cm
pT1b: 甲状腺に限局 & 1 cm<腫瘍径≤2 cm
pT2: 甲状腺に限局 & 2 cm<腫瘍径≤4 cm
pT3a: 甲状腺に限局 & 腫瘍径>4 cm
pT3b: 前頸筋群(胸骨舌骨筋、胸骨甲状筋、肩甲舌骨筋)または副甲状腺浸潤
pT4a: 皮下脂肪織、喉頭、気管、食道、反回神経浸潤
pT4b: 椎骨前筋群筋膜、縦隔大血管浸潤、頸動脈を取り巻く腫瘍・多発腫瘍はpT_ (m)
・甲状腺周囲脂肪織のみへの浸潤は甲状腺に限局していると見なす。
・甲状腺周囲の静脈内腫瘍塞栓はpT4a - pN
-
pN1a: 頸部中央区域(I, II, III, IV, XI)リンパ節転移+
pN1a-1 ≤3 cm & no extranodal extension
pN1a-2 >3 cm or extranodal extension
pN1a-3: XIb+
pN1b: 一側/両側/対側の頸部外側区域(Va, Vb, VI, VII, VIII, IX)リンパ節転移+
pN1b-1 ≤3 cm & no extranodal extension
pN1b-2 >3 cm or extranodal extension
CNS
Glioma
“Glioma IHC Panel”
- 分化形質マーカー:GFAP, Olig2, Nestin
-
- Astrocyte 系の確認
- GFAP: 中間径フィラメント、Olig2: nuclear
- GFAP(-) であっても Olig2(+) なら astrocyte 系と言ってよい
- GFAP, Olig2 は腫瘍・非腫瘍どちらも染まるが Nestin は腫瘍だけ(ということになっている)
- 増殖マーカー:Ki-67, PHH3
-
外科医の友
- 分子遺伝学的代替マーカー:IDH1 R132H, p53, ATRX, MTAP, H3K27M, H3K27me3
-
- IDH1 R132H – cytoplasmic
- p53 – nuclear, cutoff >10%
- ATRX – nuclear
- MTAP – nuclear
- H3K27M, H3K27me3 – nuclear
両者の染色結果は表裏の関係になるので同時染色するとよい。 - (optional) BRAF V600E – cytoplasmic
- (optional) beta-catenin – nuclear/cytoplasmic
- (optional) INI1 – nuclear
- (optional) STAT6 – nuclear
Workflow
- HE + Glioma IHC panel オーダー
-
Necrosis, microvascular proliferation (MVP) の有無を確認
Epithelioid なときは epithelioid GBMを考慮し BRAF V600E を追加 - IDH1 R132H(-) &「55歳ルール」適用可か?
-
☑ 55歳以上
☑ 古典的膠芽腫の組織像
☑ 非正中線上に腫瘍が存在
☑ 低悪性度グリオーマの先行病変がない
☑ IDH1 R132Hの免疫染色が陰性
→ Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4と診断可 - IDH1 R132H(-) & H3(-):
-
H3(-): H3K27M(-), H3K27me3(+; retained)
If 壊死または微小血管増生があるとき:
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4
else if Ki-67<5% or younger age or ATRX(-; loss):
IDH1免疫染色再評価および1p/19q FISHを検討
→乏突起膠腫では時に (<10%) に non-canonical なIDH変異が見られる。
FISHもnegativeならば遺伝子検査を推奨(r/o astrocytoma, IDH-mutant)。
else:
膠芽腫の確定診断のためにはEGFR遺伝子増幅、TERTプロモーター変異、染色体7+/10-の確認が必要。現時点では診断を確定できないため記述的診断とする。
診断:High-grade diffuse astrocytic glioma (WHO2021) - IDH1 R132H(-) & H3(+):
-
H3(+): H3K27M(+), H3K27me3(-; loss)
画像所見の見直し&他人に相談を。
(Pediatric-type) diffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH-wildtype, see comments. - IDH1 R132H(+) & ATRX(-; loss):
-
s/o Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
通常p53 >10%
If 壊死または微小血管増生があるとき:
Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, CNS WHO grade 4
else:
診断確定のためにはCDKN2A/2Bホモ接合性欠失の確認が必要(あればgrade 4)
MTAP発現消失がサロゲートマーカーとして有用。
(ただし確立されたものではない)
MTAP(-; loss):
Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, suggestive of CNS WHO grade 4
MTAP(+; retained):
Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, suggestive of CNS WHO grade 2
もし退形成変化があればgrade 3 - IDH1 R132H(+) & ATRX(+; retained):
-
1p/19q FISHをオーダーする。カットオフはだいたい50%前後
- IDH1 R132H(+) & ATRX(+; retained) & 1p/19q(+):
-
Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, CNS WHO grade 2 or 3
Grade 2: <6/10HPF
Grade 3: >=6/10HPF or 微小血管増殖あり - IDH1 R132H(+) & ATRX(+; retained) & 1p/19q(-):
-
s/o Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
上のチャートに戻る。
3rd | 5th | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | 95th | 97th | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18週 | 53 | 67 | 70 | 89 | 93 | 110 | 123 | ||
19週 | 72 | 98 | 100 | 120 | 129 | ||||
20週 | 70 | 70 | 77 | 90 | 105 | 130 | 150 | 170 | 170 |
21週 | 77 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 130 | 150 | 160 | 200 |
22週 | 111 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 170 | 189 | 190 | ||
23週 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 140 | 159 | 170 | 209 | 278 | 280 |
24週 | 108 | 120 | 130 | 150 | 160 | 190 | 220 | 240 | 244 |
25週 | 130 | 132 | 140 | 168 | 190 | 220 | 250 | 250 | 260 |
26週 | 130 | 144 | 160 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 | 296 | 329 |
27週 | 146 | 163 | 170 | 190 | 220 | 270 | 300 | 307 | 320 |
28週 | 170 | 170 | 190 | 220 | 240 | 270 | 297 | 327 | 340 |
29週 | 180 | 180 | 190 | 230 | 260 | 305 | 350 | 369 | 380 |
30週 | 169 | 201 | 210 | 240 | 280 | 300 | 330 | 350 | 373 |
31週 | 200 | 204 | 230 | 250 | 290 | 330 | 384 | 416 | 426 |
32週 | 212 | 221 | 241 | 260 | 300 | 330 | 398 | 420 | 453 |
33週 | 260 | 260 | 270 | 300 | 320 | 370 | 400 | 420 | 430 |
34週 | 240 | 254 | 270 | 290 | 340 | 390 | 422 | 456 | 470 |
35週 | 245 | 270 | 280 | 315 | 350 | 390 | 440 | 460 | 480 |
36週 | 247 | 252 | 280 | 310 | 360 | 410 | 470 | 508 | 523 |
37週 | 250 | 260 | 280 | 320 | 370 | 430 | 487 | 510 | 540 |
38週 | 270 | 282 | 300 | 340 | 380 | 430 | 490 | 520 | 540 |
39週 | 270 | 290 | 310 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 490 | 520 | 540 |
40週 | 300 | 310 | 330 | 360 | 410 | 460 | 510 | 540 | 570 |
41週 | 300 | 320 | 340 | 380 | 420 | 480 | 540 | 570 | 590 |
42週 | 307 | 316 | 330 | 398 | 430 | 503 | 550 | 619 | 640 |